Recent new capability
Elemental Analysis and Chemostratigraphy Services
Ellington & Associates, Inc. and Chemostrat Inc. have formed and alliance to provide elemental analysis and chemostratigraphy from a base in Houston, Texas.
The Houston based lab is the first commercial XRF elemental service based in the U.S.
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Borehole-Formation-Choke (formation testing in layered formation)
Click for a larger image The simulator allows accounting for interaction between reservoir of complex structure (layered or fractured) and borehole with multiphase fluid flow. As a rule, the third element of the system is a two-phase choke or a down-hole pump. Such a consideration of the system allows more adequate simulation of processes which take place during formation test or well production.
A group-of-reservoirs-borehole-choke simulator has about 30 parameters controlling its elements. It allows investigating and creating methods for well production tests, for testers on tubing or logging cable accounting for their specific features. The simulator allows investigation of influence of:
1) reservoir properties upon apparent permeability
2) degassing of oil in the zone near a borehole upon phase permeability
3) perforation quality and extent upon results of measuring
4) interflows between layers upon measuring
5) presence of high permeability layer upon depression value near bottom
6) presence of choke upon functioning of the whole system etc.
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The same simulator allows to investigate the processes which take place on fountain production of a well in order to find an optimum regime of its exploitation to increase production of the well by means of changing choke diameter, proper perforation and flow rate. The simulator may also be used for theoretical researches bound with injection wells and hydraulic fracturing.
The solution is presented in graphical form on the screen being a set of izobars inside a reservoir, diagrams of bottom hole pressure and flow versus time. Optionally user can enable transit pressure curves to be processed according to Horner’s method.
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Borehole-Formation-Rod Pump System, including non-homogeneous zones
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The simulator allows accounting for interaction between reservoir of complex structure (layered or fractured), borehole with multiphase fluid flow and a down-hole rod pump. Such a consideration of the system allows more adequate simulation of processes which take place during well production.
A reservoir-borehole-pump simulator has about 45 parameters controlling the system. Based on it investigations to find optimum regime of oil well with downhole pump installed may be performed. As the simulator takes into account filtering of a two-phase liquid through a reservoir of complex structure and flow of three-phase fluid through borehole and corresponds all three elements of the system it will maximize well production. This will allow decreasing risk of switch from production regime into gas mode for well equipped with downhole rod pump.
Solution is presented in graphical form with animated graphs and diagrams. Displayed values are borehole flow rate, downhole pressure, liquid level in annular space of a borehole, gas content and pressure in the point of inflow, pressure distribution in reservoir and borehole, position of the degassing level in borehole (or in reservoir), interflow distribution if reservoir is of complex structure etc.
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Optimization of Production Process
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The simulator allows accounting for interaction between reservoir of complex structure (layered or fractured), borehole with multiphase fluid flow and a down-hole centrifugal pump. Such a consideration of the system allows more adequate simulation of processes which take place during well production.
A reservoir-borehole-pump simulator has about 45 parameters controlling the system. As the simulator takes into account filtering of a two-phase liquid through a reservoir of complex structure and flow of three-phase fluid through borehole and corresponds all three elements of the system it will maximize well production. This will allow decreasing risk of switch from production regime into gas mode for well equipped with downhole centrifugal pump. An algorithm for production optimizing was developed based on the simulation results.It allows to determine optimal location, productivity and inlet pressure of pump.
Solution is presented in graphical form with animated graphs and diagrams. Displayed values are borehole flow rate, downhole pressure, liquid level in annular space of a borehole, gas content and pressure in the point of inflow, pressure distribution in reservoir and borehole, position of the degassing level in borehole (or in reservoir), interflow distribution if reservoir is of complex structure etc.
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Swab/Surge Simulation (Tripping Operations)
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The simulator allows to determine hydrodynamic component of pressure at any point in borehole during tripping, accounting for borehole geometry and moving column composition, fluid compressibility (with borehole walls elasticity), mud features and rheology, moving column velocity, acceleration and deceleration.
The simulator can be used in the software package for geological and technical control computerized unit, to determine optimal mode of column tripping in order to decrease hydraulic fracturing risk, invasion zone and calmatation of formation and borehole wall erosion.
The simulator allows to significantly decrease possibility of accidents while drilling and to accelerate borehole building and significantly increase efficiency and safety of drilling.
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Calculation of Pressure Loss in Drilling or Cementing
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The simulator allows to calculate pressure losses in borehole during drilling and cementing. Approximation of rheological characteristic measured by viscosimeter with two-power and polynomial model of non-Newtonian liquid, provides best precision among similar methods of pressure computation, because the polynomial model in computations uses full information received from multivelocity viscosimeters. Z-criterion, usually used for a non-Neutonian liquid power model is used in the simulator for determining the flow type. After the borehole circulating system channel is presented as the tube sections of round and annular profile with a constant area, their flow type is determined. Then simulator computes pressure losses for two-power and polynomial models of liquid flow. Precision benefits from using polynomial model are most significant for high viscosity muds with complicated rheology.
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Simulator of Non-Stationary Two-Phase Filtration in Formation
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This method allows receiving maximum current oil rate, extending life of the well and increasing its oil recovery index by keeping current bottomhole pressure on the optimal level, which is continuously calculated using a special mathematical model, and depends on current properties of the system well-formation and properties of formation and fluid.
Maximum oil rate is achieved by maintaining formation in such a mode, as to minimize negative effects in the bottomhole area, which appear due to free gas, which separates from oil, blocking oil flow, and due to forming of zones of sluggish, viscous degassed oil. Application of this method also decelerates pressure drop in formation by lessening premature exiting of gas from formation, and decreases current value of GOR. This leads to extended life of well and increased ultimate production index.
The method applies to all oil production methods, such as fountain, gas-lift and pump, and allows receiving millions of additional barrels of oil without drilling any extra wells or building any additional expensive platforms for offshore wells.
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